Author List: MacKenzie, Scott B.; Podsakoff, Philip M.; Podsakoff, Nathan P.;
MIS Quarterly, 2011, Volume 35, Issue 2, Page 293-A5.
Despite the fact that validating the measures of constructs is critical to building cumulative knowledge in MIS and the behavioral sciences, the process of scale development and validation continues to be a challenging activity. Undoubtedly, part of the problem is that many of the scale development procedures advocated in the literature are limited by the fact that they (1) fail to adequately discuss how to develop appropriate conceptual definitions of the focal construct, (2) often fail to properly specify the measurement model that relates the latent construct to its indicators, and (3) underutilize techniques that provide evidence that the set of items used to represent the focal construct actually measures what it purports to measure. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to integrate new and existing techniques into a comprehensive set of recommendations that can be used to give researchers in MIS and the behavioral sciences a framework for developing valid measures. First, we briefly elaborate upon some of the limitations of current scale development practices. Following this, we discuss each of the steps in the scale development process while paying particular attention to the differences that are required when one is attempting to develop scales for constructs with formative indicators as opposed to constructs with reflective indicators. Finally, we discuss several things that should be done after the initial development of a scale to examine its generalizability and to enhance its usefulness
Keywords: Construct validation procedures; Scale development and validation; content; convergent; discriminant and nomological validity; formative and reflective indicator models
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#124 0.261 validity reliability measure constructs construct study research measures used scale development nomological scales instrument measurement researchers developed validation discriminant results
#125 0.181 framework model used conceptual proposed given particular general concept frameworks literature developed develop providing paper developing guidelines concepts appropriate set
#255 0.124 mis management article resources sciences developing organization future recommendations procedures informing organizational assessment professional groups area improving conference evaluate activity
#11 0.105 structural pls measurement modeling equation research formative squares partial using indicators constructs construct statistical models researchers latent analysis results sem
#106 0.099 integration present offer processes integrating current discuss perspectives related quality literature integrated benefits measures potential regarding issues finally taken propose
#122 0.080 attention utilization existing codification model received does limitations theories receiving literature paying causes additional building examine examination focusing technological initial
#90 0.074 development life cycle prototyping new stages routines stage design experiences traditional time sdlc suggested strategies rapid effort integrated needs techniques